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Cake day: March 31st, 2025

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  • nah. loam is, for example, 40% sand, 20% clay, 40% silt and it’s close to middle of that polygon, on top of letter O

    for example, draw a line from 50% sand point on edge to 50% clay point on edge, the first one is 50% sand 50% silt because that axis for sand is also 0% for clay, the second one is 50% sand 50% clay because it lies at the line that is 0% silt














  • fullsquare@awful.systemstoScience Memes@mander.xyzInsulin
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    1 month ago

    i mean i don’t think about it as a separate budget line because if you don’t have that you get police raids and investigation instead of normal business, but yea. insulin is purified using HPLC, so at all times you get some of analytical data about fractions you just made, so some of QC, not all, but already something, already happens at this point

    my point is that actual manufacturing costs will be low because biotech scalability logic is that you need to make yeast or something that makes peptide you like and then all you need to do is keep bioreactor alive and happy. lots of what is left is in purification

    also it’s an injectable so it’s gonna be kept to some standards that non-injected drugs aren’t. whoever comes up with insulin pill will be printing money


  • fullsquare@awful.systemstoScience Memes@mander.xyzInsulin
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    1 month ago

    there are multiple short-acting and long-acting insulins because you can’t patent other people’s things, but now it’s all off-patent. just take your stainless steel bioreactor and preparative HPLC, cook up a batch, wait ten years for biosimilar approval and you’re good to go

    because unlike with small molecule drugs, when cooking up generic biopharmaceutical there’s extra approval process that amounts to a tiny clinical trial https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosimilar this and type of economics of scale that there is with biologicals makes manufacture at large scale way more preferable. these requirements were loosened a bit over time